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What is an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)?

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IDNs (Internationalized Domain Names) are domain names that include characters (known as "code points") other than the letters "a" to "z", "A" to "Z", numbers 0-9, and hyphen "-" in Basic Latin (ASCII). IDNs enable domain names to be expressed in other languages and scripts such as Arabic, Chinese, Thai, and others. IDNs allow people to access online resources using their native scripts, promoting greater global inclusion and choice.

An IDN generic top-level domain can be represented in two ways:

  • U-label: The actual Unicode characters in Normalization Form C (NFC) of the Unicode (e.g., .شبكة)
  • A-label: The equivalent ASCII version created by using the Punycode algorithm (RFC3492) prefixed with "xn--" (e.g., xn--ngbc5azd)
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